A fingerprint identification apparatus and an electronic device are provided, which can improve the fingerprint imaging quality while achieving the lightness and thinness of the fingerprint identification apparatus. The fingerprint identification apparatus is applicable to be under a display screen, including a plurality of fingerprint identification units arranged in an array, where each fingerprint identification unit includes: a micro-lens; at least one light shielding layer, where each light shielding layer is provided with a light passing hole, a bottom light shielding layer is provided with N light passing hole, and a largest aperture D1 of each light passing hole and a largest aperture CA of the micro-lens satisfy 0.02D1/CA0.4, to form N light guiding passages in different directions; N pixel units, disposed under the at least one light shielding layer, and disposed in one-to-one correspondence with bottoms of N light guiding passages.