An enzyme-catalyzed method of synthesizing (2S,3R)-2-substituted aminomethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, including: preparing engineered bacteria containing a carbonyl reductase SsCR-encoding gene; preparing a resting cell suspension of the engineered bacteria; preparing a culture containing carbonyl reductase; and mixing the culture containing carbonyl reductase with substrate 2-substituted aminomethyl-3-one butyrate, glucose dehydrogenase, a cosolvent, glucose and a cofactor followed by asymmetric carbonyl reduction to obtain (2S,3R)-2-substituted aminomethyl-3-hydroxybutyrate. The amino acid sequence of the carbonyl reductase is shown in SEQ ID NO.1.