Systems and techniques are provided for determining one or more poses of one or more objects. For example, a process can include determining, using a machine learning system, a plurality of keypoints from an image. The plurality of keypoints are associated with at least one object in the image. The process can include determining a plurality of features from the machine learning system based on the plurality of keypoints. The process can include classifying the plurality of features into a plurality of joint types. The process can include determining pose parameters for the at least one object based on the plurality of joint types.