Techniques are provided to recover from partial device errors of storage devices in a data storage system. A storage control system manages a storage device which comprises storage capacity that is logically partitioned into segments of equal size. The storage control system groups at least some of the segments of the storage device into a segment group. Each segment of the segment group is configured to store one or more data items and associated metadata items. The storage control system generates a parity data segment based on the segments of the segment group, and persistently stores the parity data segment in association with the segment group. In response to detecting a storage device error associated with a corrupted segment of the segment group, the storage control system utilizes the parity data segment and non-corrupted segments of the segment group to recover at least one missing data item of the corrupted segment.