A high-performance computing-oriented method for automatically deploying an execution environment along with a job, including: presetting isolated execution environments at nodes of a high-performance computing system; logging in an isolated execution environment of a login node; carrying out development and debugging on the job and configuration on a job execution environment at the login node, and issuing a job running request to a job management system; assigning compute nodes from the nodes of the high-performance computing system to the job of the user by the job management system, automatically deploying an file system of the user synchronously to the assigned compute nodes along with the job when the job is loaded, and running the job of the user by the corresponding compute nodes; and feeding results back to the login node of the user after running the job is completed, then clearing file systems.