Provided is an identification apparatus wherein each spectral light beam corresponding to a predetermined wavenumber shift is projected to the imaging portion) so that a distance between a projection position of the spectral light beam corresponding to the predetermined wavenumber shift on the imaging portion and a changed projection position as a result of the different excitation wavelength is shorter than a distance at the imaging lens between an optical path of the spectral light beam corresponding to the predetermined wavenumber shift and a changed optical path as a result of the different excitation wavelength.