A wireless communication system having a dual-band coexistence architecture is provided, and the system includes a processing circuit, a first transceiver, a first front-end module, a first switch circuit, a first filter, a second filter, a second switch circuit, a first antenna, a second transceiver, a second front-end module, a third switch circuit, a third filter, a fourth filter, a fourth switch circuit and a second antenna. The first filter and the second filter use a combination of a wideband filter and a narrowband filter, and the fourth filter and the third filter also use a combination of a wideband filter and a narrowband filter, so as to achieve the dual-band coexistence architecture.