Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating 3D piezoelectric materials. In one aspect, a method includes photopolymerizing a selected portion of a two dimensional plane in a sample of a photolabile polymer solution containing piezoelectric nanoparticles to form a layer of a piezoelectric material, the photopolymerizing including directing light from a light source based on a pattern design in the selected portion of the photolabile polymer solution; and moving one or both of the sample and the directed light to photopolymerize another selected portion of another two dimensional plane in the sample to form another layer of the piezoelectric material.