A system for controlling charging of a battery of an eco-friendly vehicle includes: an on-board charger (OBC) mounted in the vehicle, setting a required charging current based on available charging current information received from a power supply unit supplying power for charging the battery, transmitting the required charging current to the power supply unit, and converting the power supplied from the power supply unit to charge the battery; and a controller determining whether charging of the battery is completed, and when it is determined that charging of the battery is abnormally terminated in a state where charging is not completed, changing the required charging current to charge the battery based on first information supplied from the power supply unit upon abnormal termination of charging and based on second information supplied from the power supply unit upon normal completion of charging.