Techniques for chemically recycling cellulose waste such as cotton are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes hydrolyzing a cotton waste and dissolving cellulose in the hydrolyzed cotton waste in an aqueous solution containing an alkali and one or more of urea ((NH2)2CO), polyethylene glycol, or thiourea (SC(NH2)2) to produce another aqueous solution containing dissolved cellulose. Then the another aqueous solution containing the dissolved cellulose can be extruded into a coagulation bath to coalesce the dissolved cellulose in the extruded solution, thereby reforming the dissolved cellulose from the cotton waste into a regenerated fiber.