A quick-release connection device includes a main load-bearing structural rod, a safety pin, a cam handle, a spring piece and a clamping piece. A free end of the structural rod is provided with a pin hole for insertion of the pin. The cam handle is connected to an end opposite to the free end. One end of the spring piece is connected to the cam handle, and the other end is provided with an insertion hole such that it can be sleeved on the free end, and limited by the pin to form locking connection with the structural rod. One end of the clamping piece is connected to the cam handle or spring piece, and the other end is provided with an opening such that it can be sleeved on the free end, and can be limited by the spring piece to form locking connection with the structural rod.