A memory device is provided to include: a plurality of memory cells; a peripheral circuit configured to perform an operation on the plurality of memory cells; a temperature circuit configured to measure a temperature of the memory device; a monitoring component configured to generate, based on whether a measured temperature is within a reference range, monitoring information representing an operation mode that is either a normal mode in which the operation is performed or a protection mode in which the operation is suspended; and an operation controller configured to output a signal for controlling the operation according to the monitoring information. The monitoring component is further configured to store the monitoring information and output the monitoring information to the operation controller in response to receiving the measured temperature from the temperature circuit.