A data storage method and apparatus includes receiving a data write request, where the data write request carries to-be-written data, and the to-be-written data includes at least one data block; calculating a fingerprint of each data block, where the fingerprint uniquely identifies the data block; determining whether the fingerprint of each data block exists in a fingerprint list, where the fingerprint list includes a fingerprint corresponding to a data block stored in a high-speed storage medium and a fingerprint corresponding to a data block stored in a low-speed storage medium; and performing a deduplication operation on the to-be-written data.