A magnetic pole module and a rotor for a permanent magnet generator are provided. The magnetic pole module includes a base plate having a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the base plate has a first center line extending in the first direction and a second center line extending in the second direction, the first direction is intersected with the second direction, the first center line is parallel to the central axis of the permanent magnet generator; at least one pair of magnetic steel components is fixed on the base plate, and each pair of magnetic steel components is symmetrically arranged on the first surface with respect to the second center line, each magnetic steel component includes multiple magnetic steels arranged side by side along a side of the first direction from the second center line and arranged at a predetermined angle in the second direction.