An electrospinning apparatus for producing ultrafine fibers according to the present invention comprises: a cylindrical metal guide disposed to surround a hollow tube needle, which receives a charged solution and discharges the charged solution in the form of a filament, wherein a high voltage is applied to the cylindrical metal guide to control droplet stability of the charged solution; and a strip-shaped metal guide including a plurality of strip-shaped metal plates, which extend outward from the cylindrical metal guide and are radially arranged to control the direction of a charged filament, whereby discharge droplets of the charged solution are stably maintained, and the charged filament formed therefrom maintains a constant directionality with respect to a substrate, so that a uniform pattern having ultrafine fibers can be manufactured on a collection part.