A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving HARQ responses in a communication system are provided. An operation method of a first terminal in a communication system includes receiving configuration information including a first information element indicating a type of a hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) codebook from a base station and generating the HARQ-ACK codebook including a downlink (DL) HARQ information bit for downlink communication between the base station and the first terminal and a sidelink (SL) HARQ information bit for sidelink communication between the first terminal and a second terminal. The HARQ-ACK codebook is transmitted to the base station using an uplink channel.