A speech emotion detection system may obtain to-be-detected speech data. The system may generate speech frames based on framing processing and the to-be-detected speech data. The system may extract speech features corresponding to the speech frames to form a speech feature matrix corresponding to the to-be-detected speech data. The system may input the speech feature matrix to an emotion state probability detection model. The system may generate, based on the speech feature matrix and the emotion state probability detection model, an emotion state probability matrix corresponding to the to-be-detected speech data. The system may input the emotion state probability matrix and the speech feature matrix to an emotion state transition model. The system may generate an emotion state sequence based on the emotional state probability matrix, the speech feature matrix, and the emotional state transition model. The system may determine an emotion state based on the emotion state sequence.