The present specification relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system. According to this specification, in a method for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system, a method performed by a base station comprises: transmitting, to a terminal, control information including panel identification information related to identification of a plurality of antenna panels used for transmission of the reference signal, wherein a reference signal sequence used to generate the reference signal is initialized based on the panel identification information by the terminal; and receiving, from the terminal, the reference signal generated based on the initialized reference signal sequence by the terminal.