An arithmetic apparatus includes input lines and multiply-accumulate devices. An electrical signal for an input value is input into each of the input lines. Multiplication units include a positive weight multiplication unit that generates a positive weight charge for a product value obtained by multiplying the input value by a positive weight value and/or a negative weight multiplication unit that generates a negative weight charge for a product value obtained by multiplying the input value by a negative weight value. An output unit of the multiply-accumulate device includes an accumulation unit that accumulates the positive weight charge and the negative weight charge, generates a voltage signal representing a sum of the product values by a voltage on the basis of the voltage of the accumulation unit, and outputs the multiply-accumulate signal on the basis of the voltage signal.