Provided is a method for training spiking neuron network, including: inputting a spiking signal corresponding to a training sample into a spiking neuron network to be trained; and training the spiking neuron network based on a back propagation rule, wherein a forward propagation stage of training includes: adjusting a spiking firing threshold corresponding to a target layer in the spiking neuron network according to confidence corresponding to the target layer. Also provided are a method for processing data based on a spiking neuron network, an electronic device, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium.