The present disclosure provides an artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) medical image processing method performed by a computing device, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The AI-based medical image processing method includes: processing a medical image to generate an encoded intermediate image; processing the encoded intermediate image, to segment a first feature and generate a segmented intermediate image; processing the encoded intermediate image and the segmented intermediate image based on an attention mechanism, to generate a detected intermediate input image; and performing second feature detection on the detected intermediate input image, to determine whether an image region of the detected intermediate input image in which the first feature is located comprises a second feature.