A vehicle door opening and closing apparatus includes a vehicle door, a rail configured to be mounted on a vehicle body, a roller unit mounted on the vehicle door, and configured to allow the vehicle door to open and close in a sliding mode in which the vehicle door is configured to slide along the rail and in a swing mode in which the vehicle door is configured to swing in a predetermined position of the rail, and a hold lock releasably holding the vehicle door in an open position or releasably holding the vehicle door in a closed position when the vehicle door is opened or closed in the sliding mode, respectively.