The present disclosure relates to blockchain-based data processing methods and devices to achieve balance between a service need and system resource consumption. In one example method, an amount of service data processed by consensus in a blockchain in a specified time period is monitored. A determination is made as to whether the monitored amount of processed service data in the specified time period is less than a specified first threshold or more than a specified second threshold. In response to determining that the monitored amount of processed service data in the specified time period is less than the specified first threshold or more than the specified second threshold, a block generation time for the blockchain is dynamically adjusted. A new block in the blockchain is then dynamically adjusted based on the adjusted block generation time.