A display substrate and a display panel are provided. The display substrate includes a base substrate; the base substrate includes a display region and a peripheral region on at least one side of the display region; the peripheral region includes a first peripheral sub-region and a second peripheral sub-region, the display region includes a first display sub-region corresponding to the first peripheral sub-region and a second display sub-region corresponding to the second peripheral sub-region, and the second display sub-region is different from the first display sub-region; the second peripheral sub-region includes a first gate driving circuit, and the first gate driving circuit is configured to be connected to a plurality of gate scanning signal lines in the first display sub-region through a plurality of connecting lines in the display region, to respectively providing a gate scanning signal to a plurality of rows of pixel units in the first display sub-region.