Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for parallel processing of video frames using neural networks. One of the methods includes receiving a video sequence comprising a respective video frame at each of a plurality of time steps; and processing the video sequence using a video processing neural network to generate a video processing output for the video sequence, wherein the video processing neural network includes a sequence of network components, wherein the network components comprise a plurality of layer blocks each comprising one or more neural network layers, wherein each component is active for a respective subset of the plurality of time steps, and wherein each layer block is configured to, at each time step at which the layer block is active, receive an input generated at a previous time step and to process the input to generate a block output.