A predictive electronic thermometer circuit structure capable of temperature compensation is provided, including: a compensation module, a thermometer circuit, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) drive module. The thermometer circuit includes a temperature measurement oscillation circuit and a real measurement module. The compensation module and the real measurement module are connected in parallel between the temperature measurement oscillation circuit and the LCD drive module. The predictive electronic thermometer circuit structure controls the on and off of the compensation module and the real measurement module through a combination logic control switch respectively. When the compensation module is off and the real measurement module is on, an actual measured data is output. When the real measurement module is off and the compensation module is on, a temperature value is output after predictive compensation. The electronic thermometer has a temperature compensation function, and measures the temperature quickly and accurately.