A cholesteric liquid crystal display device and a driving method for improving non-uniform image quality of the cholesteric liquid crystal display device. The cholesteric liquid crystal display device includes a cholesteric liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal drive unit. The cholesteric liquid crystal display panel is composed of multiple row circuit structures and multiple column circuit structures. The liquid crystal driving unit sequentially outputs column driving voltages to a plurality of column circuit structures in a scanning manner. After scanning the multiple column circuit structures, the liquid crystal driving unit applies an unselected voltage to the multiple column circuit structures together with more than 18 times the scanning unit time course, so as to make the brightness of the overall picture more uniform.