A method for configuring and updating random access resources in a multi-antenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) environment is provided, including: initializing a base station; broadcasting, by the base station, the available RACH resources using an SIB2; initiating, by users who have data to be sent in an uplink, random access processes on the RACH resources configured by the base station; and redefining an S state, an I state, and a C state. Configuration of the RACH resources may be gradually and dynamically optimized according to the quantity of antennas of the base station and a utilization rate threshold of the RACH resources, so that waste of random access RACH resources is reduced provided that an MIMO system meets a required user/service access success probability; a utilization of the resources is improved by fully utilizing spatial diversity characteristics of the MIMO system.