A color conversion element includes: a substrate; a phosphor portion that is disposed above the substrate, receives laser light transmitted from an outside, and emits light in a color different from a color of the laser light; a reflective layer that includes a dielectric multilayer film and is disposed on a principal surface of the phosphor portion facing the substrate; and a joining portion interposed between the reflective layer and the substrate to join the reflective layer and the substrate. The joining portion includes an air layer that exposes the reflective layer in a position where the air layer at least partially overlaps an irradiation region in a plan view, the irradiation region being a region irradiated with the laser light on the phosphor portion.