A machine learning model operation management system includes a model building server and an operation server. The model building server builds a trained machine learning model based on received training data. When the trained machine learning model stored in a robot controller operates for determining the operation of a robot, the operation server receives operation information generated by the robot controller. Data of the trained machine learning model built by the model building server is assigned with model identification information that uniquely identifies the trained machine learning model. The robot controller makes an external inquiry as to whether or not it has permission to use the trained machine learning model stored in itself, and if it has the permission to use, it makes the trained machine learning model available for use. The operation server stores the operation information in association with the model identification information.