There are provided a medical image processing apparatus, a medical image processing system, a medical image processing method, and a program that allow an observer to grasp a region that contributes to classification in automatic classification of a medical image. A medical image processing apparatus includes an image acquisition unit (40) that acquires a captured image (38) generated through imaging of a living body; a classification unit (48) that classifies the captured image into two or more classes; an image generation unit (50) that generates a region image depicting a location of a region that contributes to classification performed using the classification unit in the captured image subjected to the classification performed using the classification unit; and a display signal transmission unit (44) that transmits, to a display device, a display signal representing the captured image, a classification result derived using the classification unit, and the region image. The display signal transmission unit transmits, to the display device, a display signal for displaying the region image separately from the captured image.