A multi-nozzle concurrent printing system includes a plurality of extrusion type nozzle assemblies, a three-axial translation mechanism and an objective table. Each nozzle assembly is provided with a nozzle, a storage barrel and a temperature control module; the three-axial translation mechanism includes an X-axial translation unit, a Y-axial translation unit and a Z-axial translation unit, and the nozzle assemblies are mounted on the Z-axial translation unit; and there are a plurality of nozzle assemblies, the printing system is provided with a concurrent calibration sensor, and the concurrent calibration sensor is taken as an original point of a coordinate system of the printing system. The printing system is provided with the plurality of nozzle assemblies which can work cooperatively or sequentially, the printing mode is flexible and changeable, and non-uniform mixing system forming of materials can be realized; and stable output of the materials in a formal printing task is guaranteed.