A video encoding method including obtaining a motion vector candidate list of a current image block; determining a base motion vector according to motion vectors in the motion vector candidate list; in response to the base motion vector pointing to a short-term reference image, scaling a motion vector offset of the base motion vector using a scaling factor to obtain a scaled motion vector offset, and performing prediction for the current image block according to a motion vector determined by the scaled motion vector offset and the base motion vector; and in response to the base motion vector pointing to a long-term reference image, skipping scaling of the motion vector offset, and performing prediction for the current image block according to a motion vector determined by the motion vector offset that is not scaled and the base motion vector.