In an electrochromic element including a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, a shape of a light modulating region viewed from a normal direction of the electrode being circular, when a sheet resistance of the electrode is rs (Ω), a resistance of the electrode is r (Ω), a diameter of the light modulating region is L [m], a distance between the pair of electrodes is d (m), the resistivity of the electrochromic layer is ρ (Ω), and a resistance of the electrochromic layer is R (Ω), a resistance ratio (r/R) between the electrode and the electrochromic layer, as shown by r/R=(rsL2)/(ρd), is 2 or more and 20 or less.