The present disclosure provides a high-efficiency and low-damage potato combine harvester, including a digging device, a conveyance and separation device, a separation and elevation reversing device, a potato collection box, and a control unit. The digging device is provided at a front end of the potato combine harvester. The conveyance and separation device is provided behind the digging device, and configured to perform preliminary conveyance and separation on a potato-soil-stem mixture dug by the digging device. The separation and elevation reversing device is provided at a side of the conveyance and separation device, and configured to separate the potato-soil-stem mixture from the conveyance and separation device and elevate potatoes to the potato collection box. The potato collection box is located at a tail end of the separation and elevation reversing device, and configured to load the potatoes and feed weight information of carried potatoes back to the control unit.