The present invention relates to a displacement-controlled earthquake-resistant transformer employing a friction damper, including: a device body; an upper frame disposed in an upper portion of the device body to fix the device body; a lower frame disposed in a lower portion of the device body to fix the device body to a base while supporting the device body; and a friction damper unit disposed between the device body and the base to interwork with the device body and the base, and configured to buffer a vibration transmitted to the device body through the base fixed to a ground surface. According to the present invention, seismic energy is absorbed by using a frictional force of a damper in the event of an earthquake, so that damage that may be caused to the transformer by an earthquake shock is prevented.