A drug scanning and identification system including a spectrometer, a drug holder, a mobile device and a drug identification model is provided. The spectrometer includes a light source, a diffraction grating, a light-absorption element, a wavelength selector, and a single-point photodetector. The drug holder includes a transparent area and a light-absorption area. The drug is disposed on the transparent area. The light-absorption area surrounds the transparent area. The mobile device is adapted to send a control command to trigger the spectrometer scanning the drug so as to obtain spectrum data of the drug. The spectrometer is adapted to transmit the spectrum data of the drug to the drug identification model. The drug identification model is adapted to identify the spectrum data of the drug such that the drug identification model generates an identification result. The identification result is displayed by the mobile device.