An overvoltage characteristics evaluation apparatus for a battery includes a sensing unit to measure a current and a voltage of the battery, and a control unit to determine a measured capacity history and a measured voltage history of the battery during a discharge event executed subsequent to polarization-inducing pretreatment for the battery. The control unit determines a first measured voltage curve indicating a correlation between the measured capacity history and the measured voltage history, and a second measured voltage curve indicating a correlation between a depth of discharge history obtained by normalizing the measured capacity history to a total discharge capacity of the measured capacity history and the measured voltage history. The control unit determines a differential voltage curve by differentiating the measured voltage history. The control unit determines overvoltage characteristics information associated with the polarization-inducing pretreatment by comparing the differential voltage curve with a reference differential voltage curve.