A GNSS emergency monitoring error suppression method for an alpine canyon complex environment is provided. Through three steps of GNSS optimization design of the alpine canyon complex environment, derived error suppression of emergency monitoring criteria in the alpine canyon complex environment, and error suppression measurement and result correction, GNSS measurement errors in the alpine canyons can be effectively suppressed. Through improving measurement accuracy, GNSS technology can be widely applied to the alpine canyons, outstanding advantages of high efficiency and high accuracy in a coordinate transmission process of the GNSS technology are brought into full play, and a cost is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, by processing the errors of the emergency monitoring criteria, it is possible to protect workers from on-site operation risks.