A method and device for determining a time-frequency pattern of a downlink positioning reference signal, a storage medium and a base station, the method including: determining a number of subcarriers M occupied by a time-frequency pattern of a positioning reference signal on each symbol according to a preset frequency domain multiplexed factor; generating, for multiple time slots scheduled by a user equipment, initial time-frequency patterns in a resource block where each time slot is located according to the number of subcarriers M, the initial time-frequency patterns occupying all symbols in the resource block, and occupying M subcarriers on each symbol; and filtering M initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block according to the attributes of the symbol in each resource block, so as to determine valid time-frequency patterns in each resource block. Therefore, a time-frequency pattern of a downlink positioning reference signal in a NR system may be determined.