A system for sorting of diamonds is provided. The system comprises a conveying system including a conveyer belt to transport material sample including diamonds. Further, the system comprises an x-ray source configured to fire x-rays at the material sample. Furthermore, the system comprises an x-ray luminescence (XRL) detector configured to measure radiated intensity of the x-rays from the material sample. Additionally, the system comprises an x-ray transmission (XRT) detector configured to measure transmitted intensity of the x-rays through the material sample. Also, the system comprises a processor that is configured to: receive the radiated intensity and the transmitted intensity from the XRL detector and the XRT detector respectively; process the radiated intensity and the transmitted intensity to determine an equivalent absorption coefficient; and identify the material sample as diamond based on a comparison of the equivalent absorption coefficient and a pre-stored model species absorption coefficient.