A color filter (CF) substrate includes a CF structure disposed on a base, and multiple pixel regions each including multiple sub-pixel regions. The CF structure includes a nanostructure layer including multiple nanostructures and a light guide structure layer including multiple light guide structures, sequentially provided on the base. Each light guide structure is in a corresponding pixel region, and includes multiple light guide sub-portions. Each light guide sub-portion is in a corresponding sub-pixel region. Each sub-pixel region corresponds to a nanostructure, and each nanostructure is in a corresponding sub-pixel region. Each of the light guide sub-portions in one pixel region is configured such that light incident on the light guide sub-portions exits at different angles and enters into the nanostructure in the sub-pixel region corresponding thereto. Each nanostructure is configured such that light exiting from the sub-pixel region corresponding thereto has a predetermined color.