An image correction method includes: capturing speckle patterns on two planes at different distances to obtain a first image of speckle projected on a first plane and a second image of speckle projected on a second plane; matching the first image with the second image to obtain sub-pixel matching points; obtaining, based on first physical coordinates of the sub-pixel matching points on the first image and second physical coordinates of the sub-pixel matching points on the second image, a mapping matrix between the first and second physical coordinates; obtaining a direction vector of a center of the speckle projector in a camera reference frame according to the mapping matrix; adjusting coordinate axis directions of the camera reference frame to align a horizontal axis direction with the direction vector, updating an imaging matrix of the camera; and mapping a target scene image through the imaging matrix to obtain a corrected image.