A positioning method including: acquiring a gray-scale image of an object to be measured to determine a gray-scale value of each pixel on the gray-scale image; determining a target area to be measured and a first gray-scale change area adjacent to the target area to be measured based on the gray-scale value of each pixel; determining a target gray-scale value based on a gray-scale value of the target area to be measured and a gray-scale value of each pixel in the first gray-scale change area; determining target pixels that conform to the target gray-scale value in the first gray-scale change area, to use the target pixels as actual edge pixels of the target area to be measured; and determining a relative distance between a center position of the target area to be measured and a reference position, to obtain position information of the target area.