A method for intra prediction may include obtaining a target block to be encoded in a target image. The method may also include determining a final most probably mode (MPM) list of the target block based on at least one of (a) first intra-prediction modes configured to encode two or more adjacent blocks of the target block, (b) a width and a height of the target block, (c) statistical information of second intra-prediction modes configured to encode a plurality of first encoded blocks associated with the target block, or (d) texture features of a plurality of second encoded blocks associated with the target block. The method may also include determining, based on the final MPM list, a target intra-prediction mode corresponding to the target block. The method may also include encoding, based on the target intra-prediction mode, the target block.