Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, an uplink power control configuration for a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set associated with an uplink component carrier, wherein the uplink power control configuration configures separate power control adjustment states between SRS transmissions and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions, and wherein the uplink power control configuration indicates one of a first SRS power control adjustment state or a second SRS power control adjustment state. The UE may transmit, to the base station, an SRS based at least in part on the uplink power control configuration for the SRS resource set. Numerous other aspects are described.