A method comprises: receiving, in a computer system, a pattern record corresponding to a conveyor pattern of a conveyor belt in which patterns are randomly distributed; capturing, using the computer system, a first image of the conveyor belt while a first product is positioned on the conveyor belt; comparing, using the computer system, at least part of the first image with the pattern record to identify a first corresponding portion of the pattern record for the first image; assigning, using the computer system, a first identifier to the first product based on the first corresponding portion of the pattern record; and tracking, using the computer system, the first product using the assigned first identifier.