The present invention provides a method for preparing an aerogel based on plasticizing and foaming with solvent, and the aerogel material is prepared through plasticization with solvent and generation of in-situ bubbles. The method solves the difficult problem that the non-polymer is difficult to realize thermoplastic foaming, and has wide applicability. In addition, a lot of foaming agents can be uses for this method, and this method is easy to implement, and does not require a special drying process, so that the industrialization development of the porous aerogel is greatly promote.