A food pump is provided with a safe outlet valve and an outer mounted spring. A pressing head, a primary column, a secondary column, a piston, a pump chamber, a spring and a bottle locking cover are also provided. A lock cover for fixing the primary column to the pump chamber is fixed on the pump chamber. An outer side of an upper end of the lock cover is provided with a cover flanging which is turned outwards and then turned downwards to stretch. An inner side of a locking flanging is provided with an inner thread in threaded fit with an outer thread of a lock opening of a lock cover, such that the primary column, the secondary column, the piston, the pump chamber, the spring, a glass bead and the lock cover can be stored and transported independently, thereby matching different pressing heads and bottle locking covers.