This control system takes into account the thermomechanical aspects of materials to quickly and easily determine optimal cutting conditions and to automatically control machining to preserve the integrity of the workpiece. This system includes an acquisition module configured to acquire values of a set of input parameters relating to cutting conditions and material properties of the piece, and a microprocessor configured for determining at least one operating cutting parameter representative of a cutting signal from the machining apparatus using a set of output parameters of an integrity model previously constructed during a learning phase. The integrity model connects the set of input parameters to the set of output parameters comprising specific cutting coefficients representative of the material integrity of the piece, and establishes at least one fatigue threshold of the at least one cutting operating parameter. The fatigue threshold allows control of the progress of cutting operations.